size converters (SSCs) for efficient coupling to optical fibers. The isolator is constructed with
a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which is composed of multi-mode interference (MMI)
couplers, as well as nonreciprocal and reciprocal phase shifters. The nonreciprocal phase
shifter is constructed with a magneto-optical cladding layer directly bonded to a
semiconductor guiding layer. The performance of the GaInAsP waveguide optical isolator …