prospect, yet, the production of such materials is an ongoing challenge. Here, we present a
strategy for chemo-mechanically directing the growth of crystals with non-equilibrium
structures using a custom-designed double-diffusion cell. We combine chemical additives
(eg, Mg 2+ ions) and mechanical confinement (eg, hydrogel networks) to modulate the
growth of calcium carbonate crystals. Specifically, the combination of Mg 2+ ions with a …