Generalization of turbulent swirl flame transfer functions in gas turbine combustors

KT Kim, DA Santavicca - Combustion science and technology, 2013 - Taylor & Francis
KT Kim, DA Santavicca
Combustion science and technology, 2013Taylor & Francis
Experimental investigations of the forced response of swirl-stabilized turbulent flames to
upstream flow disturbances were performed in an industrial scale gas turbine combustor
operating with natural gas fuel and CO2/air. We measured flame transfer functions (FTFs) for
a wide range of forcing frequency over a broad range of operating conditions with 50–120
kW thermal power. A sensitivity analysis was then performed in order to identify the key
dimensionless parameters controlling the forced swirl flame dynamics. Two different …
Experimental investigations of the forced response of swirl-stabilized turbulent flames to upstream flow disturbances were performed in an industrial scale gas turbine combustor operating with natural gas fuel and CO2/air. We measured flame transfer functions (FTFs) for a wide range of forcing frequency over a broad range of operating conditions with 50–120 kW thermal power. A sensitivity analysis was then performed in order to identify the key dimensionless parameters controlling the forced swirl flame dynamics. Two different dimensionless parameters, S t 1 = (fδ sw )/U and S t 2 = (f L f )/U, are used as dimensionless frequencies, while the dependence of the FTF gain on the turbulent flame speed is taken into account using a dimensionless flame length, ξ = L f /D c . The implementation of the nondimensionalization strategy using several time and length scales reveals that all FTFs are well characterized by either S t 1 or S t 2, but the best result is obtained from a combination of S t 1 and S t 2, which accounts for the interference mechanisms of vortical and acoustic disturbances in the system. As a consequence, the occurrence of local minima and local maxima, a clear manifestation of destructive and constructive interferences of acoustically forced swirl-stabilized flames, is well captured by the dimensionless numbers. This methodology is then applied to extensive FTF data measured from a different gas turbine combustor. A comparison of the FTFs for the two different gas turbine combustion systems provides insight into generalized transfer function behaviors in the dimensionless domain. This study focuses on velocity-coupled combustion instability, and these generalizations may not extend to situations where other coupling mechanisms dominate.
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