outcrossing in hybrid rice seed production. Based on 43,394 single nucleotide
polymorphism markers, 217 cytoplasmic male sterile lines were assigned into two
subpopulations and a mixed-group where the linkage disequilibrium decay distances varied
from 975 to 2,690 kb. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed for stigma
exsertion rate (SE), panicle enclosure rate (PE) and seed-setting rate (SSR). A total of 154 …