We report on a Q-switched, cladding-pumped, ytterbium-doped large-mode-area fiber laser operating at 1090 nm that is capable of generating 2.3 mJ of output pulse energy at a 500-Hz repetition rate and more than 5 W of average output power at higher repetition rates in a high-brightness beam M^2=3. Using a similar fiber with a smaller core, we generated >0.5‐mJ pulses in a diffraction-limited beam. Our results represent a threefold increase in pulse energy over previously published values for Q-switched fiber lasers and firmly establish fiber lasers as compact, multiwatt, multimillijoule pulse sources with large scope for both industrial and scientific applications.