… candidates, particularly for chronic infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency
virus 1 (HIV-1), and emphasize their potential for innovative vaccine development. …

… In this study, vaccination was associated with increases in HIV cell-associated RNA and
HIV… We therefore measured levels of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA (HIV ca-RNA) in peripheral …

… of the mRNA vaccine has led to further research for the utilization of mRNA vaccine in HIV, in
… Although messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has been around for many years, it has recently …

… A simple saRNA, encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and an HIV immunogen, for
example, can be delivered to cells through approaches detailed in Section 3.2. Alternatively, …

… that HIV vaccination with self-amplifying RNA formulated with … -HIV–directed immune
responses from a nucleic acid vaccine … The HIV SAM vaccine evaluated here induced potent and …

… The viral genomic RNA of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encompasses … vaccine
is urgently needed to fight the epidemic. However, no sufficiently potent vaccine against HIV …

… opened new opportunities to develop RNA vaccines to fight other infectious agents. HIV-1 is
a lentivirus … of an effective HIV-1 vaccine over the last four decades since the identification of …

… As with DNA, the administration of RNA vaccines can produce protein expression in vivo [5].
Over the past decade, the advances in research and new technologies have enabled …

… becomes detectable in the blood 1 - 3 weeks after infection, once the amount of free viral
RNA and p24 antigen, an HIV core protein, have sufficiently increased 20 . This event marks …

… After 15 days from its administration (T1), the 3BD bivalent messenger RNA vaccine elicited
a … to the fifth dose of bivalent vaccine. Furthermore, cell-mediated immunity remained stable. …