This study reproduced the main flow features around a square-section building model via a
spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) analysis, performed on the three-
dimensional velocity field obtained by large eddy simulation. Using this single technique, we
presented a spectrum view of the turbulent structures around the square-section cylinder,
quantitatively revealing the primary frequency and relative intensity of all the structures at
once. The identified features, including the low-frequency modes related to the fluctuation of …