Idiosyncratic drug reactions are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients;
they also markedly increase the uncertainty of drug development. The major targets are skin,
liver, and bone marrow. Clinical characteristics suggest that IDRs are immune mediated,
and there is substantive evidence that most, but not all, IDRs are caused by chemically
reactive species. However, rigorous mechanistic studies are very difficult to perform,
especially in the absence of valid animal models. Models to explain how drugs or reactive …