Generally, vaccines are designed to provide protection against infection (susceptibility),
disease (symptoms and transmissibility), and/or complications. In a recent study of influenza
vaccination, it was observed that vaccinated yet infected individuals experienced increased
transmission levels. In this paper, using a mathematical model of infection and transmission,
we study the impact of vaccine-modified effects, including susceptibility and infectivity, on
important epidemiological outcomes of an immunization program. The balance between …