Many metals naturally form passivating oxides to protect them from further oxidation. At high
electrode potentials, many passive oxide film break down and transpassive metal
dissolution is observed, together with oxygen evolution [1-2]. This phenomenon has been
modelled by different approaches, however, the nature of oxide under transpassive
dissolution is still not clear. This study focuses to understand the transition from passive to
transpassive state, especially relation between surface electronic state, defects and nature …