Background Knowledge of in vivo human lumbar loading is critical for understanding the
lumbar function and for improving surgical treatments of lumbar pathology. Although
numerous experimental measurements and computational simulations have been reported,
non-invasive determination of in vivo spinal disc loads is still a challenge in biomedical
engineering. The object of the study is to investigate the in vivo human lumbar disc loads
using a subject-specific and kinematic driven finite element approach. Methods Three …