Ti–29Nb–14Ta–4.5Zr (TNTZ) bio-alloy was processed against Ti–6Al–4V extra-low interstitial as a counter-body material in sliding friction mode under the low applied load of 2 N and very high sliding velocity of 300 mm/s. The near-surface micro-texture evolution induced by frictional force has been investigated in detail using Electron back-scattered diffraction analysis in scanning electron microscope (SEM-EBSD) and Angle selective back-scattered (ASB). Surprisingly, such friction treatment was led to the development of an ultrafine-grain layer by the average grain size of <1 µm. The Frictional grain refinement increased the hardenability of the subsurface layer and effectively supported the treated surface. These phenomenal evolutions were led to a simultaneous increasing of the strength and ductility and subsequently significant wear loss reduction.