motion of single (SDOF) and multiple degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to
nonzero initial displacements or velocities (free response) and non-zero forces (forced
response). The time-dependent nature of the motion, along with the sheer number of cases
that are typically considered in an undergraduate-level class (SDOF: free response-
undamped, underdamped, critically damped, overdamped; harmonic force response …