Background It may be reasonable to try to reduce the harm from continued tobacco use
amongst smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Possible approaches to reduce the exposure
to toxins from smoking include reducing the amount of tobacco used, and using less toxic
products. The interventions evaluated in controlled trials have predominantly attempted to
reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. Objectives To assess the effect of interventions
intended to reduce the harm from smoking on the following: biomarkers of damage caused …

Background Although smoking cessation is currently the only guaranteed way to reduce the
harm caused by tobacco smoking, a reasonable secondary tobacco control approach may
be to try and reduce the harm from continued tobacco use amongst smokers unable or
unwilling to quit. Possible approaches to reduce the exposure to toxins from smoking
include reducing the amount of tobacco used, and using less toxic products, such as
pharmaceutical, nicotine and potential reduced‐exposure tobacco products (PREPs), as an …