cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. ncRNAs,
including small non-coding RNAs (eg, microRNAs, small interfering RNAs) and long non-
coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are pervasively transcribed in human and mammalian cells.
Recently, it has been recognized that these ncRNAs are critically implicated in the virus–
host interaction as key regulators of transcription or post-transcription during viral infection …