oil-L-agar plates were isolated. These bacteria produced the same biosurfactant, surfactin.
Strain A-1 (Psf+: surfactin producing) was identified as Bacillus pumilus and could be
transformed with plasmid DNA using an electroporation method. Several surfactin non-
producing (Psf−) mutants were obtained by chemical mutagenesis of B. pumilus A-1. By
using them as host cells and pC194 as a vector plasmid, we cloned DNA fragments which …