The Clinical Practice Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management for non-cardiac surgery were initially developed by the Japanese Circulation Society in 2013. Since then, novel findings related to perioperative use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants have emerged. Similarly, recent evidence from large-scale randomized trials has advanced our knowledge on approaches to coronary artery disease. Moreover, novel therapeutic devices for structural heart disease, such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), have become widely available. These advancements have prompted revision of the current knowledge on perioperative care and led to updating of relevant recommendations. The present clinical practice guidelines have 2 parts: Part 1, which covers background knowledge and recommendations based on comprehensive review of evidence, and Part 2, which generates recommendations1, 2 by performing formal systematic review for the relevant clinical question in this area, based on the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. 1