abstract In this study, we present a new analysis of the costal skeleton of the Kebara 2
Neandertal that challenges the original description of the fossil remains. In addition to
correcting an erroneous rib rejoin, we document that Kebara 2 shows significant metric and
morphological differences in comparison to a wide range of modern human comparative
samples. Moreover, Kebara 2's thorax is large, but it is not an isometrically scaled version of
a modern human thorax. We also present updated information regarding additional …