using the sgs-pdf evolution equation approach in conjunction with the Eulerian stochastic
field solution method in the context of Large Eddy Simulation. A dynamic version of the
Smagorinsky model is adopted for the sub-grid stresses and eight stochastic fields were
utilised to characterise the influence of the sub-grid fluctuations. The chemistry was
represented by an ARM reduced GRI 3.0 mechanism with 15 reaction steps and 19 species …