In the recent years, lithium-ion batteries have become the battery technology of choice for
portable devices, electric vehicles and grid storage. While increasing numbers of car
manufacturers are introducing electrified models into their offering, range anxiety and the
length of time required to recharge the batteries are still a common concern. The high
currents needed to accelerate the charging process have been known to reduce energy
efficiency and cause accelerated capacity and power fade. Fast charging is a multiscale …