Logan’s water system has one spring, four deep wells, 190 mi of mainline pipe, and more than 10,000 metered connections. In past years, the city experienced summer water shortages that were attributed to a lack of source capacity. High pres sures were also a problem. The water system had only one major pressure zone, which had been sufficient in the past, but became inadequate as the city grew. As development proceeded in topographically lower areas to the west, pressures there regularly ex ceeded 220 psi. Partially as a conse quence of these high pressures, the city was responding to more than 300 mainline breaks every year, increasing maintenance expenses, and many cus tomer complaints. Pumping incurred high energy costs that strained the water division’s operating budget more and more each year. Operation and maintenance became reactionary rather than preventive. Something needed to change. Logan retained Utahbased con sulting engineers Hansen, Allen & Luce to help with a new well and transmission project. Although the city had supposed that inadequate sources were the problem, the consul tant’s analysis revealed otherwise. Instead, Logan undertook a compre hensive water and energy audit to determine the best path forward.