low-cost, lossy substrates. Using sub-wavelength coupled-resonant elements, in particular
sub-wavelength loops, one can dramatically reduce losses in reflectarrays and not incur
significant gain drop due to the use of the lossy, low-cost substrate. It is further shown that
the sub-wavelength loop achieves sufficient phase variation in a single layer design with a
modest requirement in etching tolerance, making the loop superior to both the single and …