The management functions--planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and
controlling--or the management components approach--methodological, decisional,
informational, organizational or human resources management--emphasize management's
priority role in the proper functioning and efficiency of the organization. Managerial and
economic/financial performances should accompany any strategic/tactical move made by
the manager, since they are considered manifestation forms of efficiency and effectiveness …

In the category of organizational performance assessment tools, management by exception
and the dashboard are very important due to the roles they fulfill in management: first, they
contribute decisively to informing managers in" real time" on the results recorded in their
managed area; second, they're important ways of streamlining the information system and,
finally, allow managers to gain efficiency through better use of the available time budget.
These two management tools join the other management systems and methods already …