waves to be trapped and continuously interact with the sea-ice. The reflectivity of the sea-ice
depends on the thickness, the elastic properties, and its roughness. This work focuses on
the influence of sea-ice roughness on long-range acoustic propagation, and on how well the
arrival structure can be predicted by the full wave integration model OASES. In 2013,
acoustic signals centered at 900 Hz were transmitted every hour for three days between ice …