Regularization methods were combined with line-of-sight tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure nonuniform temperature and concentration distributions along the laser path when a priori information of the temperature distribution tendency is available. Relying on measurements of 12 absorption transitions of water vapor from 1300 to 1350 nm, the nonuniform temperature and concentration distributions were retrieved by making the use of nonlinear and linear regularization methods, respectively. To examine the effectiveness of regularization methods, a simulated annealing algorithm for nonlinear regularization was implemented to reconstruct the temperature distribution, while three linear regularization methods, namely truncated singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization, and a revised Tikhonov regularization method, were implemented to retrieve the concentration distribution. The results show that regularization methods not only can be used to retrieve temperature and concentration distributions closer to the original but also are less sensitive to measurement noise. When no sufficient optical access is available for TDLAS tomography, the methods proposed in the paper can be used to obtain more details of the combustion field with higher accuracy and robustness, which are expected to play a more important role in combustion diagnosis.