for Ni2+ ions in LiNbO3 crystals have been investigated using the crystal field
analysis/microscopic spin-Hamiltonian package recently developed. The investigations
considered for the first time the spin–spin (SS) and spin-other-orbit (SOO) interactions. The
low-symmetry effects (LSE) arising from the additional terms (Im (B43)≠ 0) induced at the
C3 symmetry sites by the distortion angle ϕ, which have been omitted in earlier works, have …