Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used as structural materials in high-field
superconducting magnet systems because they retain high strength, ductility, and toughness
at very low temperatures, and they are paramagnetic or antiferromagnetic under the Néel
temperature in their fully austenitic state. However, they are susceptible to strain-induced
martensitic transformation, especially at cryogenic temperatures, which modifies the material
properties, induces volume changes and additional strain hardening, and leads to …