The authors adopt a new approach to modeling the relationship between emissions and
income using long-run per capita growth rates. This approach allows them to test multiple
hypotheses about the drivers of per capita emissions in a single framework and avoid
several of the econometric issues that have plagued the environmental Kuznets curve
literature. They estimate models for carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions. They can reject
restricted models that omit either growth or beta convergence effects. Although the term …

We adopt a new representation of the relationship between emissions and income using
long-run growth rates. Our approach allows us to test multiple hypotheses about the drivers
of per capita emissions in a single framework and avoid several of the econometric issues
that have plagued previous studies. We find that for carbon dioxide emissions, scale,
convergence, and resource endowment effects are statistically significant. For sulfur
emissions, the scale and convergence effects are significant, there is a strong negative time …