Modulator in external modulation at low-radio frequency voltage (2.277 V pp) to improve the
system performance of a coherent receiver based-on 3× 3 coupler. The system achieves a
sensitivity of− 29 dBm in the error-free condition, after propagation through 60 km-long fiber
link at a frequency carrier of 15 GHz, offering a cost-effective solution for centralized radio
access network (C-RAN).