Toll-like receptor proteins (TLRs). The heterotypic interaction between the Toll/interleukin-1
receptor (TIR) domains of TLRs and adaptor proteins, like Myeloid differentiation primary
response gene 88 (MyD88), is the first intracellular step in the signaling pathway of the
mammalian innate immune response. The hetero-oligomerization of the TIRs of the receptor
and adaptor brings about the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates the …