The article presents the results of the analysis of the food industry, indicating that in modern conditions of economic management, it has a significant impact on the environmental and economic development of the world. The chronological interpretation of the key international events aimed at solving environmental problems by highlighting the stages of formation of international initiatives to protect natural capital is developed. A detailed analysis of global and national Sustainable Development Goals related to natural capital is made. These goals should be the basis for the formation of a national institutional model to ensure their achievement.