Although multiple cross-sectional studies have supported moral disengagement and school
climate being associated with bullying perpetration, few have examined how these 3 factors
interact with each other over time. Guided by the social-ecological theory and social-
cognitive theory, a multilevel approach was used to examine the longitudinal associations
between students' moral disengagement and bullying perpetration and the moderating effect
of students' perceptions of school climate in the longitudinal association across 18 months …