Multi-modal probabilistic indoor localization on a smartphone

F Dümbgen, C Oeschger, M Kolundžija… - 2019 International …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
F Dümbgen, C Oeschger, M Kolundžija, A Scholefield, E Girardin, J Leuenberger, S Ayer
2019 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor …, 2019ieeexplore.ieee.org
The satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) provides robust localization on
smartphones outdoors. In indoor environments, however, no system is close to achieving a
similar level of ubiquity, with existing solutions offering different trade-offs in terms of
accuracy, robustness and cost. In this paper, we develop a multi-modal positioning system,
targeted at smartphones, which aims to get the best out of each of its constituent modalities.
More precisely, we combine Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons, round-trip-time (RTT) …
The satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) provides robust localization on smartphones outdoors. In indoor environments, however, no system is close to achieving a similar level of ubiquity, with existing solutions offering different trade-offs in terms of accuracy, robustness and cost. In this paper, we develop a multi-modal positioning system, targeted at smartphones, which aims to get the best out of each of its constituent modalities. More precisely, we combine Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons, round-trip-time (RTT) enabled WiFi access points and the smartphone's inertial measurement unit (IMU) to provide a cheap robust localization system that, unlike fingerprinting methods, requires no pre-training. To do this, we use a probabilistic algorithm based on a conditional random field (CRF). We show how to incorporate sparse visual information to improve the accuracy of our system, using pose estimation from pre-scanned visual landmarks, to calibrate the system online. Our method achieves an accuracy of around 2 meters on two realistic datasets, outperforming other distance-based localization approaches. We also compare our approach with an ultra-wideband (UWB) system. While we do not match the performance of UWB, our system is cheap, smartphone compatible and provides satisfactory performance for many applications.
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