At least 50 million surgeries are done annually in the United States alone, and an average
American can now expect to undergo 7 operations during a lifetime. 1–3 Older adults
comprise the fastest growing cohort of surgical patients. 3 Despite many advancements in
perioperative care, it is indisputable that surgery is a major stressor on the body, and
patients with suboptimal recovery still exist. 4 Twenty percent of patients 70 years of age or
older undergoing noncardiac surgery develop 1 or more serious postoperative …