Multiple phases of natal transfer process in female bonobos and factors underlying each phase: findings from long-term observations in wild populations

K Toda, N Tokuyama, T Sakamaki - Bonobos and People at Wamba: 50 …, 2024 - Springer
K Toda, N Tokuyama, T Sakamaki
Bonobos and People at Wamba: 50 Years of Research, 2024Springer
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are characterized by the formation of male-philopatric groups,
wherein nulliparous females typically transfer from their natal group to another. This chapter
presents long-term demographic data, collected through simultaneous observations of
multiple bonobo groups at Wamba, in order to investigate the timings and locations of
individual female migrations. The temporal flow from leaving the natal group, to joining a
new group, and eventually to the first parturition, is documented by the retrospective …
Abstract
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are characterized by the formation of male-philopatric groups, wherein nulliparous females typically transfer from their natal group to another. This chapter presents long-term demographic data, collected through simultaneous observations of multiple bonobo groups at Wamba, in order to investigate the timings and locations of individual female migrations. The temporal flow from leaving the natal group, to joining a new group, and eventually to the first parturition, is documented by the retrospective classification of identified emigration and immigration events into temporary and permanent. The data presented herein update our understanding of the natal transfer process in female bonobos, which can be segmented into four phases: pre-dispersal (preparatory phase for dispersal), dispersal (practical phase for the eventual act of leaving the natal group), pre-settlement (movement phase for seeking the group in which to settle), and settlement (integration phase for becoming a fixed member of the new group). Nonetheless, further research is necessary before drawing general conclusions, as the relevant data involve only a small sample size at Wamba and other field sites are even less represented.
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