An up-to-date overview of the current state of the art of polysaccharide-based spherical particles as carriers of active/bioactive substances, with a particular emphasis on their applications in the food industry, is provided. Owing to the rapid advances in nanotechnology, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and potential uses of these particles. This review outlines recent research on the preparation of spherical nanoparticles, including micro-/nanoencapsulates, micelles, and liposomes, that utilise polysaccharides as carriers and stabilisers. It also discusses the potential application of these nanostructures to the field of food technology. The review aims to provide an objective assessment of the current state of research on this topic. Owing to the distinctive characteristics of spherical nanostructures and the requirement to investigate and scrutinise their potential employment in diverse aspects of the food sector, there are significant opportunities for researchers worldwide to devise innovative solutions.