Natural language watermarking and tamperproofing

MJ Atallah, V Raskin, CF Hempelmann… - … workshop on information …, 2002 - Springer
MJ Atallah, V Raskin, CF Hempelmann, M Karahan, R Sion, U Topkara, KE Triezenberg
International workshop on information hiding, 2002Springer
Two main results in the area of information hiding in natural language text are presented. A
semantically-based scheme dramatically improves the information-hiding capacity of any
text through two tech-niques:(i) modifying the granularity of meaning of individual sentences,
whereas our own previous scheme kept the granularity fixed, and (ii) halving the number of
sentences affected by the watermark. No longer a “long text”, short watermark. approach, it
now makes it possible to wa-termark short texts, like wire agency reports. Using both the …
Abstract
Two main results in the area of information hiding in natural language text are presented. A semantically-based scheme dramatically improves the information-hiding capacity of any text through two tech- niques: (i) modifying the granularity of meaning of individual sentences, whereas our own previous scheme kept the granularity fixed, and (ii) halving the number of sentences affected by the watermark. No longer a “long text”, short watermark. approach, it now makes it possible to wa- termark short texts, like wire agency reports. Using both the above- mentioned semantic marking scheme and our previous syntactically- based method hides information in a way that reveals any non-trivial tampering with the text (while re-formatting is not considered to be tampering.the problem would be solved trivially otherwise by hiding a hash of the text) with a probability 1-2 -β(n+1) , n being its number of sentences and β a small positive integer based on the extent of co- referencing.
Springer
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