Introduction 3. Cytokine influences on the central nervous system 3.1. Cytokines within the brain 3.2. Neurochemical effects of cytokines 3.3. Synergies associated with cytokine treatments 3.4. Sensitization of cytokine-provoked neuronal processes 4. Behavioral Effects Associated With Cytokines–Animal Studies 4.1. Sickness Behaviors

4.2. Depressive-like features elicited in response to pro-inflammatory factors 4.3. Processes governing cytokine-induced behavioral variations 5. Inflammatory factors associated with depression in humans 5.1. Cytokine and acute phase protein correlates in patients with depressive disorders 5.2. Depressive symptoms in relation to allergies, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer 5.3. Depressive disorder induced by IFN-alpha activation 5.4. Cognitive disturbances associated with cytokine (IFN) immunotherapy 6. Inflammatory processes in relation to neuropsychiatric manifestations in pathological conditions other than depression 6.1. Confusional states and cognitive disturbances in relation to acute inflammation and surgical insult 6.2. Inflammation and cognitive decline in non-demented elderly and in demented patients 6.3 Immune activation and neuropsychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia 7. Summary and perspective