variety of shapes, such as spherical, slablike, and∕ or rodlike shapes. These phases of the
nuclear pasta are expected to exist in the crust of neutron stars and in core-collapse
supernovae. The dynamics of core-collapse supernovae is very sensitive to the interactions
between neutrinos and nucleons∕ nuclei. Indeed, neutrino excitation of the low-energy
modes of the pasta may allow for a significant energy transfer to the nuclear medium …