was developed. The performance and membrane fouling behavior of a hybrid MBBR–
membrane bioreactor (MBBR–MBR) system were also evaluated. Comparing to the MBBR
with plastic carriers (MBBR), the MBBR with sponge modified biocarriers (S-MBBR) showed
better effluent quality and enhanced nutrient removal at HRTs of 12 h and 6 h. Regarding
fouling issue of the hybrid systems, soluble microbial products (SMP) of the MBR unit greatly …