low-loss EEL spectra from Al grain boundaries (GBs) with different GB energies. The loss
signal from the GB is highly delocalized and is mixed with the bulk loss, therefore requiring
separation. Three different separation techniques, ie, Fourier-log, Fourier-ratio
deconvolution and direct subtraction, were employed to extract the GB response from the
low-loss spectra and produced similar results. The GB response consists of a positive …