Cell-derived membrane vesicles that are released in biofluids, like blood or saliva, are
emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers for diseases, such as cancer. Techniques
capable of measuring the size and concentration of membrane vesicles directly in biofluids
are urgently needed. Fluorescence single particle tracking microscopy has the potential of
doing exactly that by labelling the membrane vesicles with a fluorescent label and analysing
their Brownian motion in the biofluid. However, an unbound dye in the biofluid can cause …

Cell-derived membrane vesicles (MVs) that are released in biofluids like blood, urine, or
saliva, are currently emerging as potential non-invasive biomarkers for diseases, such as
cancer. Techniques capable of measuring the size and concentration of specific types of
MVs directly in biofluids, without the need for pre-processing steps, are urgently needed. As
discussed in Chapter 3, single particle tracking (SPT) microscopy has the potential of doing
exactly that, by labelling the MVs of interest with a specific fluorescent label (eg a labelled …