In the last half century, decreasing biodiversity caused by anthropogenic factors turned into ecosystem health problem. With the decrease of biodiversity, the degradation of the ecological balance also poses a threat to public health. The damages caused by ecological and anthropogenic factors are the main triggers for the development of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases (EZDs). In this context, persistent EZDs due to multiple factors have reached more dangerous levels in terms of human, animal and environmental health. Increasing land-use changes, intensified agriculture and animal husbandry practices, global climate changes, changes in people's food consumption preferences, intensive migration from rural to urban areas, ecological distortions due to changing trade and tourism mobility are all human-induced dynamics, all of which lead to socioeconomic threats. In recent years, both ecosystem related problems resulting from the decline of biodiversity and the dynamic interactions between human, animal and environment (HAE) have made interdisciplinary cooperation more important than in the past. It has become an inevitable necessity to eliminate the accumulated Anthropocene remains in the last 150 years, to solve the health problems at the HAE-interface and to make the health and well-being of humanity sustainable. These accumulated problems of today can be solved with ‘One Health’ which is defined as multi-interdisciplinary understanding, joint effort and thought system which is worked on local, national, regional and global-scale in order to obtain the optimum health for humans, animals and our environment. As a result, interdisciplinary cooperation should be prioritized to solve common problems of complex health problems and threats. Therefore, the ‘One Health’ approach should be functionalized, institutionalized and expanded. Because exponentially growing ecological, anthropogenic disasters increase microbial threats. Therefore, in the 21st century, humanity has no more than 50 years to lose.