… explicitly as follows: (1) improve the newly developed HGS optimization algorithm, (2) apply
the … an improved CHGS optimization algorithm to solve the optimal power flow problem. The …

… devices and renewable energy sources is delineated in [13]. … are employed to solve the
Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. Ref. [… of power loss reduction in modern power systems and …

… of renewable energy penetrations, power system operators … DL, but the results of IPSO were
better than DL [33]. Therefore… 30-bus system consisting of active power and reactive power …

… Since modern power systems involve renewable energy sources, wind generator … describes
the optimal power flow (OPF) to address the importance of ESS in the power system. Hence, …

… operation of power systems, the optimal power flow (OPF) … improved and used in the study
and design of power systems… The expansion of renewable resources, however, brings with it …

… to the complexity of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The … Penalty charges for
underestimation and standby charges for … in the power system. Researchers from all over the …

… gas emissions and supporting renewable energy sources. … the optimal power flow problem
(OPF) issue [38]. By making … linked systems make up modern electric power systems and …

… resources to enhance power supply stability and combat … power systems and renewable
energy power systems with storage … When energy charges are low during off-peak hours, power …

… electric power system is composed of a transmission system … OPF is a class of optimization
problems where active and … , improve system efficiency and increase the penetration of …

… renewable energy resources such as wind turbines and photovoltaic solar systems into the
electricity … An enhanced social spider optimization technique has been proposed, in ref. [18], …