Opportunities and challenges of lead-free perovskite optoelectronic devices
Organic–inorganic hybrid halide lead-based perovskites have attracted tremendous
attention as novel active materials in solar cells due to their superior optical and electrical
properties, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 23.7%. However, the toxicity
of Pb-based perovskite materials still hinders their commercialization. Therefore, finding
alternative ions to lead in perovskite materials to form environmentally friendly materials is
highly desirable. In this review, promising candidates as lead substitutes are presented and …
attention as novel active materials in solar cells due to their superior optical and electrical
properties, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 23.7%. However, the toxicity
of Pb-based perovskite materials still hinders their commercialization. Therefore, finding
alternative ions to lead in perovskite materials to form environmentally friendly materials is
highly desirable. In this review, promising candidates as lead substitutes are presented and …
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