for the dynamic real-time optimization of the operation of wastewater treatment plants
(WWTP). Both the economic-optimizing controller (pure-EMPC) and the economic-oriented
tracking controller (Hybrid-EMPC, or HEMPC) formulations are validated in the benchmark
simulation model (BSM1) platform that represents the behavior of a characteristic activated
sludge process. The objective of the controllers is to ensure the appropriate operation of the …