Regular physical activity is vital for the health and disease prevention of older adults.
Outdoor fitness equipment has gained popularity for natural exercise spaces among middle-
aged and older individuals. This narrative review demonstrates that these programs have
the potential to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and
reduce falls, while also enhancing quality of life, alleviating depression and anxiety, and
boosting self-esteem. However, our understanding is hindered by limited rigorous …