from the currently deployed passive optical networks (PONs) to next-generation optical
access networks (NG-OANs) is becoming inevitable. In addition to fulfilling the bandwidth
requirement, the NG-OANs should overcome the limitations of existing gigabit-class PONs,
such as low capacity, limited reach, and restricted mobility. Different architectures for
creating a NG-OAN have been proposed in the literature; however, each architecture sought …