DISCUSSION Oral risperidone received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for use in bipolar disorder include monotherapy for the short-term treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder and combination therapy with lithium or valproate for the short-term treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. A number of controlled and openlabel treatment trials have demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Risperidone has also been reported to be useful in the longer term treatment of bipolar disorder. 9 The use of long-acting antipsychotic preparations can help to ensure compliance with therapy and has been shown to improve efficacy in relapse prevention when compared with oral agents in schizophrenia. 10 Long-acting risperidone was associated with significant symptom improvement in patients with schizoaffective disorder, 11 but no specific mood symptom scales were used in this study. However, to our knowledge, any article related with treatment of bipolar disorder with LAR has not been published yet. Long-acting risperidone significantly reduced the severity of symptoms, and no manic or depressive episodes were seen in these previously noncompliant patients in 6-month period. Also, switching from mood stabilizers or mood stabilizers plus atypical antipsychotics to LAR, or adding on LAR, was safe and well tolerated in our population. These naturalistic, uncontrolled observations suggest the potential of LAR in the long-term management of bipolar I patients. Larger and controlled studies are needed to determine the role of LAR more clearly in treatment of bipolar disorder.