treatment of hepatolithiasis. The aims of this study were to evaluate immediate and long-
term results of PTCS treatment and to elucidate the risk factors for recurrence of stones or
cholangitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with hepatolithiasis
who underwent PTCS treatment. A total of 92 patients underwent PTCS treatment and 68
were followed for 24 to 60 months (median 42 months). Results: Complete clearance of …